As flow increases, which statement best describes friction losses?

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Multiple Choice

As flow increases, which statement best describes friction losses?

Explanation:
Friction losses in a pipe rise as flow increases because more energy is dissipated by wall friction and turbulence as the fluid moves faster. For a given pipe, the head loss from friction is described by h_f ≈ f (L/D) (v^2 / 2g). Velocity v is the flow rate Q divided by the pipe’s cross-sectional area, so increasing Q increases v and makes the friction loss grow roughly with the square of the flow. That means as discharge flow goes up, more pressure is required to overcome these losses. The idea that friction losses are independent of flow ignores this relationship, so it’s not correct.

Friction losses in a pipe rise as flow increases because more energy is dissipated by wall friction and turbulence as the fluid moves faster. For a given pipe, the head loss from friction is described by h_f ≈ f (L/D) (v^2 / 2g). Velocity v is the flow rate Q divided by the pipe’s cross-sectional area, so increasing Q increases v and makes the friction loss grow roughly with the square of the flow. That means as discharge flow goes up, more pressure is required to overcome these losses. The idea that friction losses are independent of flow ignores this relationship, so it’s not correct.

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